Cloning:
A historical timeline
The New Millenium |
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1885
first cloned animals
Hans Dreisch seperated cells from two-celled sea urchin blastomers mechanically. Each cell grew independently and formed a separate, whole sea urchin clone.
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1902
Hans Speman (1935 Nobel Prize in medicine) conducted the first nuclear transfer experiment by splitting a two-celled salamander embryo into seperate cells. Each cell developed into a salamander. |
1903
Herbert Webber (US Dept. Agriculture) coined the word "clon". |
1928
Hans Spemann performed the first nuclear transfer experiment using salamander embryos. |
1952
Robert Briggs and Thomas King used nuclear transfer technology to clone frogs from adult donor cells. |
1963
J.B.S. Haldane is credited to have coined the term "clone".
Tong Dizhou created the first cloned fish (asian carp) |
1973
by inserting Asian carp DNA into a European crucian carp, Tong Dizhou created the first interspecies clone |
1984
Steen Willadsen (British Agricultural Research Council) cloned a sheep via nuclear transfer technology. |
1995
Megan & Morag:
July 1995 Scottish scientists clone the sheeps Megan and Morag from differentiated embryo cells. |
1996
The first mammal was cloned from a cell of an adult animal. Ian Wilmut (Roslin Institute) created the sheep Dolly. |
1997
Neti and Ditto: two Rhesus monkeys were cloned by nuclear transfer at Oregon Regional Primate Research Center. Neti stands for "nuclear embryo transfer infant".
Polly: the first genetically engineered cloned sheep
Gene: the first cloned cow from a fetal cell (Infigen, Inc.)
Cumulina: the first mouse cloned from adult cells (University of Hawaii Medical School)
ABS Global, Inc. cloned the first calf (Holstein) |
1998
Noto & Kaga: first cloned cows from adult cells ((Ishikawa Prefectural Livestock Research Center)
Mira: first cloned goat from embryonc cells (Tufts University, Genzyme Transgenics Corporation) |
1999
A Chinese scientist claimed to have cloned a human embryo to the stage where stem cells could be harvested and then cultured. . |
2000
Alexis, Carrel, Christa, Dotcom & Millie: the first pigs cloned from adult cells (PPL Therapeutics)
Yanyuan: the first goat cloned from adult cells (Northwest University of Agriculture, Forestry Science and technology, China)
Tetra: the first Rhesus monkey 'cloned' by embryo splitting technique
Xena: Japanese research group cloned a pig (black
Chinese Meishan) from fetal skin cells
The first mouflon was cloned from adult cells (University of Teramo, Italy) |
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